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Brain Scanning
Electroencephalograph (EEG)
The EEG measures electrical activity of the brain using pairs of electrodes placed
at different (internationally specified) points on the scalp. It is used by doctors
for diagnosis and research.
It seemed that the EEG would provide the key to understanding how the brain functions,
but it proved very difficult to interpret these brain waves, or to deduce from where
in the brain they originated.
Magnetoencephalograph (MEG)
- The MEG, however, can measure
- the oscillating millisecond fluxes of the brain in real time. Furthermore,
unlike the EEG, granted enough mathematical sophistication and computing power,
you get a good idea of the location of the electromagnetic source in the brain.
- And it can be used to
- record magnetic and electrical fields within the brain simultaneously, tracking
impulses moving (a distance of) a few millimetres at up to 200 miles per hour.
In real time, that is `in perhaps 10 milliseconds`. And `usually accurate to
within one or two millimetres in pre-surgical mapping`.
And in this way enabling responses to be tracked within the brain.
Teaching with Mnemonics
Do you remember your "Dear Aunt Sally" or that "All Cows Eat Grass"? Those
memory tools, or mnemonics, have helped kids recall mathematical operations and
musical notes for decades. Today, researchers say that using mnemonics to help students
"file" information more effectively makes it possible for them to retrieve the material
more easily. Better yet, create and use your own memory tools. Included: Classic
mnemonics, and tips to help you create new ones.
When Laraine Reisner`s fourth grade students focus on long division, Ronald McDonald
is their muse! In her Encino (California) Elementary School classroom, every student
writes "DMSCB" as a reminder about the steps they follow to complete division problems
-- divide, multiply, subtract, compare, and bring down. The students remember the
letters by recalling the question "Does McDonald`s Sell CheeseBurgers?"
Reisner adopted the McDonald`s theme when she discovered that her students found
it easier to recall than her old stand-by, "Daddy, Mommy, Sister, Cousin, and Brother."
She would even remind students of missed operations through the family names, such
as "You forgot the brother!"
Brain Waves
The brain functions by sending electrical signals from one place to another.
Very small charges pass between nerve cells, accompanied by changes in electrical
potential, in voltage.
This activity can be measured and displayed as a wave form called brain wave
or brain rhythm. The height of the wave is a measure of the potential difference,
its frequency is a measure of the rate at which electrical charges pass through
a nerve cell or nerve fibre.
A person`s brain is active all the time, waking and sleeping, producing and shifting
between distinct wave forms which are commonly grouped as follows:
Brain Waves
Frequency band (cycles/second)
Name of Wave Band
Description
1 - 3
Delta
Generally strongest when a person is in a deep dreamless sleep.
4 - 7
Theta
May be associated with dreamy, creative, intuitive states.
8 - 10
Alpha
Associated with a calm and relaxed state when the person is not thinking.
15 - 30
Beta
Associated with being alert, with normal thinking, with processing information.
When delta waves predominate then one is said to be in a delta state.
People can think of relaxing and so strengthen alpha waves, or can do mental
arithmetic and so weaken them. This enables people `to perform an on-off decision,
switching a light on or off or moving a cursor on a screen`.
Eidetic Wikipedia Article RSS Feed Preview
Eidetic memory, photographic memory, or total recall, is
the ability to recall images, sounds, or objects in memory with great accuracy and
in seemingly unlimited volume. Eidetic comes from the greek word eidos
which means "image."
Many famous artists and composers, like Claude MonetMonet
painted from memory and Mozart, may have had eidetic memory. However, it is
possible that their memories simply became highly trained in their respective fields
of art, as they each devoted large portions of their waking time towards the improvement
of their abilities. Such a focus on their individual arts most likely improved the
relevant parts of their memory, which may account for their surprising abilities.
LEARNING, MEMORISING AND REMEMBERING (Receiving, Storing and Recalling)
Human beings are learning all the time, storing information and then recalling
it when it is required.
Massive volumes of information are being received continually. But only some
of this information is selected and stored, and so becomes available for recalling
later when required. Selection seems to be necessary as otherwise it may take far
too long to recall any specific memory or possibly because we may not have sufficient
capacity for storing everything in our brain.
But on the other hand we may not be able to recall a specific memory when we
want to remember it, some stored information may have been forgotten.
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