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Controversy
Dr. Marvin Minsky, in his book The Society of Mind, was unable
to verify claims of eidetic memory (see sections 15.3 & 15.6) and considered reports
of eidetic memory to be an "unfounded myth".
Support for the belief that eidetic memory could be a myth was supplied by the
psychologist Adriaan de Groot, who conducted an experiment into the ability
of chess Grandmasters to memorize complex positions of chess pieces on a chess
board. Initially it was found that these experts could recall surprising amounts
of information, far more than non-experts, suggesting eidetic skills. However, when
the experts were presented with arrangements of chess pieces that could never occur
in an actual game, their recall was no better than the non-experts, implying that
they had developed an ability to organise certain types of information, rather than
possessing innate eidetic ability.
Some people attribute exceptional powers of memory to enhanced memory techniques
as opposed to any kind of innate difference in the brain. However, support for the
belief that eidetic memory is a real phenomenon has been supplied by several studies.
Charles Stromeyer studied a woman named Elizabeth who could recall poetry written
in a foreign language that she did not understand years after she had first seen
the poem.
A.R. Luria wrote a famous account, Mind of a Mnemonist, of a subject
with a remarkable memory, S.V. Shereshevskii; among various extraordinary feats,
he could memorize lengthy lists of random words and recall them perfectly decades
later. Luria believed the man had effectively unlimited recall. But with today`s
knowledge, it is possible that he used memory techniques too. See his article for
further information about his methods. He might be a savant like the famous `rainman`
who also has (verified) perfect memory.